Burning Man = Anarchy!

topic posted Fri, September 14, 2007 - 12:52 AM by  Sweeney
Share/Save/Bookmark
Advertisement
Hey there fellow burning peeps,

I am having a crisis of Burning philosophy, and hoping you might assist me, please?

I see a lot of posts suggesting that Burning man is a "Anarchists'" event , or that Burning man represents
"anarchy" ....or that Burning man has lost it's "anarchistic" roots...

Here's the problem.... nowhere in the BMORG literature, history, or website can I find the words that link this event
with "anarchy."

So why are folks thinking that this event has *anything* to do with the semantics of "anarchy?"

The first find I get as to the definition of this word is;

DEFINITION: a state of lawlessness and disorder (usually resulting from a failure of government)
wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn

If Burning man were a true "anarchy" there would be no tickets, no Porto-Potties, nobody to clean Moop, nobody to build the man, no them camps, no center camp, no ice or coffee, no organized event.

So why is this? Please enlighten me, or others who believe that Burning man is an "anarchists" event.
posted by:
Sweeney
SF Bay Area
Advertisement
Advertisement
  • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

    Fri, September 14, 2007 - 1:04 AM
    You may want to speak to the Titans of the Black Rock pantheon: the Cacophony Society.
    • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

      Fri, September 14, 2007 - 1:10 AM
      I am familiar with the cacophony society, but where I run into the difficulties in understanding the nature of burning man is this: the Cacophony society does not run Burning Man....therefore, does that make Burning man a "anarchy" event?

      The society may have had a huge participation in the foundation/participation of the event, but the creators are the ones that dictate what the event is built upon, and hence, the current philosophy of the event.

      Please find the word "anarchy" in *any* of the literature *ever* associated with this event. i would love to see it :-)
  • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

    Fri, September 14, 2007 - 1:15 AM
    fuck
    if you know anything about applied anarchy
    youd know
    there would be people to clean moop. no tickets would be fine but we'd all get arrested by DNR/BLM for gathering without a permit (and this happens to me every year at rainbow), shit, there would be everything you listed except porto potties. unless we got enough trust fund anarchists. there would be coffee but no probably no ice. i dont think they would really require ice.
    but no, you right in concept, burning man is maybe 1% anarchy. anarchy like the cookbook but not anarchy like the future. the closest you could get to anarchy round hurr is rainbow. its a big mess lately anyway.
    • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

      Fri, September 14, 2007 - 8:24 AM
      anarchy is what the people in that time and place choose to implement- anarchy= no leader--- not no structure--- those interested, and gathered implement what they chose together....or to ignore..there MAY be porta potties...not everyone would use em though...
  • Unsu...
     

    Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

    Fri, September 14, 2007 - 1:25 AM
    It's either sloppy use of the word "anarchy" or a misunderstanding of what "anarchy" means.

    "Anarchy" means different things to different people. But BM doesn't fit hardly any of those meanings.
    • Unsu...
       

      Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

      Fri, September 14, 2007 - 1:28 AM
      I meant to say

      It's either sloppy use of the word "anarchy" or a misunderstanding of what BM is about.

      A libertarian autocracy if anything.
      • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

        Fri, September 14, 2007 - 1:38 AM
        Yeah, I'd say there are a fair number of self-proclaimed anarchists that go to the event, but not many people who know about or work the event would misapply that label.

        Why bother anyway? Anarchy is an anachronism like most of our isms. I've heard BM described as communism, socialism, fascism, anarchy, blah blah blah they're all just a bunch of 20th century words. Semantics from another age. BM is something new, probably needs a new ism.

        Or we can just recite the ten principles like a bunch of good little hippie raver punks.
  • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

    Fri, September 14, 2007 - 3:49 AM
    There are rules and social norms that people adhere to in Black Rock City. A fair number of these are aimed at "event survival". So you can make up your own rules to a point. You can go beyond standard "rules and social norms" and it's acceptable as long as you don't get caught by someone who restricts your freedom in the pursuit of radical self expression.

    Temper this with state and local law that still trump everybody doing their own thing. In BRC this line is usually crossed whn you interfere with the experience of someone else. I think we all remember the (justifiably) failed experiment of "Pedophile Date Rape Camp".

    Come choose you poison over at "Donkey Punch and Pie" Camp next year. Pick one, or move on.

    So overall anarchy, probably not. Personal lawlessness to the point where you are the only one at risk, sure.
    • Unsu...
       

      Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

      Fri, September 14, 2007 - 4:41 AM
      I suggest you read : What is Anarchism? by Alexander Berkman, AK Press , Oakland, CA www.akpress.org

      and then develop your own informed opinion.
      • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

        Fri, September 14, 2007 - 4:50 AM
        Buying a book doesn't lead us closer to forming our own opinion (as ill-formed and un-informed as same may be). Mine is already mine, and may very well be wrong or right based on where I am now.

        If you'd like to send me a book, reply off list for an address.
        • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

          Fri, September 14, 2007 - 8:39 AM
          Paul Addis got some tasty recipes for napalm from "The Anarchist's Cookbook".

          // Buying a book doesn't lead us closer to forming our own opinion //

          Buying a book is not how an anarchist does it. Abbie Hoffman would have told you to steal it.

          These days you can download a similar book for free:
          www.beyondweird.com/cookbook.html
          • The bottom line

            Fri, September 14, 2007 - 10:40 AM
            Thank you for your comments.

            So, I suppose the point that I am getting at is pondering on what the organization thinks of itself, and how it presents itself to the public.
            This, juxtaposed to what some folks constantly and consistently insist on labeling the event as.

            The debate over Paul has brought posts from folks who defend his right to do so under some nonexistent statute that Burning Man is an "anarchy." However, rather than digest this like a good little BRC citizen, I went and read the BMorg site and could not find any reference to this being the case.

            B, I like your assessment of this simply being a "misuse" of the word. If that is indeed the case, then there is a *lot* of misuse and people are getting the wrong impression from what the event is about.

            Is BMorg a default "government?"
            Does the "threat of force" (as in the philosophy of anarchy) promote change? (will the man now be guarded/fenced and hence, inaccessible?)
            Wny are there camp "mayors?"
            If Mr. Harvey is making all the decisions, is this not a dictatorship instead?
            How many licks *does* it take to get to the tootsie roll center of a tootsie pop?

            ...one ponders the answers :-)
            • Re: The bottom line

              Fri, September 14, 2007 - 2:07 PM
              "The debate over Paul has brought posts from folks who defend his right to do so under some nonexistent statute that Burning Man is an "anarchy." However, rather than digest this like a good little BRC citizen, I went and read the BMorg site and could not find any reference to this being the case."

              Well there is the little thing of the battle over the soul of burningman which has gone on for years....is Buurningman JUST what the Borg says it is? I'm not so sure....
  • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

    Fri, September 14, 2007 - 10:22 AM
    Sweeny, I don't think you truly understand the term Anarchy.

    You imply that in the context of burning man, it would mean a complete absence of a system, structure, or regulation. But alas, it does not.

    From wikipedia: ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchy )

    "The word "anarchy" is often used by non-anarchists as a pejorative term, intended to connote a lack of control and a negatively chaotic environment. Because of this, some activists have self-identified as libertarian socialists. In more recent times anti-authoritarian has offered another similar self-identification. However, anarchists still argue that anarchy does not imply nihilism, anomie, or the total absence of rules, but rather an anti-authoritarian society that is based on the spontaneous order of free individuals in autonomous communities, operating on principles of mutual aid, voluntary association, and direct action."

    I'd say that last sentence pretty much sums up burning man and black rock city as I know it!


    Burning Man is an anti-authoritarian society that is based on the spontaneous order of free individuals in autonomous communities (theme camps), operating on principles of mutual aid (of course we do), voluntary association (no one gets paid, everyone's a volunteer), and direct action (while many people on tribe just talk the talk, at the actual event there are more do-ers than talkers).
    • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

      Fri, September 14, 2007 - 12:18 PM
      Aaron:
      > Burning Man is an anti-authoritarian society that is based on the spontaneous order of free individuals in autonomous communities (theme camps), operating on principles of mutual aid (of course we do), voluntary association (no one gets paid, everyone's a volunteer)

      Ummm....

      It's an anti-authoritarian society that is governed over by an authoritarian government.

      And more and more people are getting paid - some of them are even struggling not to appear rich.

      Drew:
      > but no, you right in concept, burning man is maybe 1% anarchy.

      Yeah, I think that you've got it right.

      Whereupon Burningman used to be about 80% anarchy.
  • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

    Fri, September 14, 2007 - 10:57 AM
    "Anarchy" is another way to say "what happens naturally". For example if there were no laws it would be anarchy, but I would still drive safely. If there were no laws to do it I'd still take care of children and old folks. Animals have no laws but they are not nearly as -expletive deleted- as we humans. Many of the negative connotations attributed to "anarchy" are better captured by the word "chaos". Dig?

    Anarchy (from Greek: ἀναρχία anarchía, "without ruler") may refer to any of the following:

    "Absence of government; a state of lawlessness due to beliefs that people are inherently good and can organize themselves without government or bureaucracies; another type of political order."[1]

    "A theoretical social state in which there is no governing person or body of persons, but each individual has absolute liberty (without the implication of disorder)."[2]

    "Absence or non-recognition of authority in any given sphere."[3]
    or, simply, (from Greek: an-, "without" and Greek: -archy, "leadership")

    Without leadership. Hence, the common use of anarchism as a system of organisation without leaders.
    • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

      Fri, September 14, 2007 - 11:00 AM
      Correct! However we have the problem that people are, in fact, inherently bad. Or at least selfish and primarily concerned with their own survival.

      -Gabriel
      • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

        Fri, September 14, 2007 - 2:10 PM
        Actually Gabe...they are also naturally collaborative and given to mutual aid.... as they have been for the entire existence of human tribes.... we are pack animals.
  • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

    Fri, September 14, 2007 - 10:59 AM
    After reading everything I think people lost the original question of the post.

    Correct me if I'm wrong but I think the question is: If it there is no official word or document (digital or otherwise) stating that Burning Man is or ever was an anarchy, then why are there people saying that it is or was an anarchy?

    It doesn't matter how anyone percives the word anarchy, all that matters is that there's people using it, thinking that's what Burning Man's about when there is nothing from the organization confirming it.

    So if anyone can produce an offical document I think that would end a lot of (valid) arguments.

    -Gabriel
    • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

      Fri, September 14, 2007 - 11:07 AM
      // So if anyone can produce an offical document I think that would end a lot of (valid) arguments. //

      Since the creation of the BMorg the event does not uphold anarchist tenets so there will be no official document that you seek.

      But the roots of Burning Man as it was originally developed by John Law and Michael Michael are Cacophany Society.

      A really great history book entitled "This Is Burning Man" by Brian Doherty recounts in detail as to the genesis of the events and the character of it's originating founders.
    • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

      Fri, September 14, 2007 - 11:28 AM
      Thank you Gabriel :-) *smiles* ....archangel indeed :-)
      • Just a little note, of course :-)

        Fri, September 14, 2007 - 11:32 AM
        Climb inside my head, if you will, and see what has been transpiring as I attempt to find meaning to the label..... Remember, its a discussion, that's all :-)

        Let us entertain the different forms of anarchy, for discussions sake, shall we?

        Individual anarchy:
        "Individualist anarchists believe that "individual conscience and the pursuit of self-interest should not be constrained by any collective body or public authority."

        ...Both Bmorg and the state of Nevada set up a system that constrains ones authority. "You can't do this, you can't light the man on fire, you can't drive out of line and onto the playa during exodus....etc.

        Collective anarchism:
        "collectivist anarchists oppose all private ownership of the means of production, instead advocating that ownership be collectivized."

        ...I don't own BMorg....you don't either. Do I come up with the theme? Neither does Halcyon (bless his heart,) or the lamplighters...does this make for a "Private ownership?"

        Mutualism:
        "Mutualist anarchism is characterized by a concern with reciprocity, free association, voluntary contract, federation, and credit and currency reform. Many mutualists believe that a market without government intervention would drive prices to labor-costs, eliminating profit, rent, and interest, as predicted by the labor theory of value, because firms would be forced to compete over workers just as workers compete over firms, which would raise wages.

        ...well, so much for this one, no commerce is allowed in BRC....or is it? Ice? Coffee? Does BRC have its own currency in this event? I am saving my commemorative "man that burnt the man" coin for Ebay ;-)

        Anarchist Communism:
        In anarchist communism, individuals would not receive direct compensation for labour (through sharing of profits or payment), but would instead have free access to the resources and surplus of the commune.[62] Anarchist communists believe that the value of labor cannot be measured, since the value of every creation is relative to the creator, and the creation of all products is made possible by the labor of past generations.[citation needed] They believe everyone should be free to consume without the restraint of arbitrary measurement of the worth of their labor.

        ...ok...were getting closer to a free market BRC, but the problem lies with having to buy ice and coffee. If everyone were free to consume, I could walk into the ranger HQ eat their food, drink their beer, belch and say thank you...and walk away. Ok, maybe they wouldn't let me walk away without the gift of broken legs...but anyway.

        Anarcho-synicalism:
        More heavily focused on the labour movement than previous forms of anarchism, syndicalism posits radical trade unions as a potential force for revolutionary social change, replacing capitalism and the state with a new society, democratically self-managed by the workers.

        ...I don't think Bmorg office is a trade union, although I did see a strike a couple of years ago in front of the Bmorg office....they tried.


        Anarcho-Capitalists:
        Anarcho-capitalists, like earlier American anarchists such as Benjamin Tucker, would like for all services, including law enforcement and security, to be performed by multiple private providers all competing for business, rather than by a monopolist state agency funded by taxation. Most anarcho-capitalists believe that in the absence of the institutionalized aggression carried on by the state, non-coercive capitalism would naturally and inevitably develop through market processes, and thus other forms of aggression would be diminished.


        ....yikes! We can't make things, sell them or buy them at BRC. So much for self employment. Pity, this was a close one!


        Green anarchism:
        Green anarchism advocates a return to a pre-industrial and usually pre-agricultural society.

        ...heh! I don't think so, unless the folks at thunderdome could beat each other with wicker branches, and the 40,000 watts of techno coming from that camp with 3 people dancing to it would like to pull a "Bobby McPherin" and mouth music the thumpa-thumpa-thumpa.


        ....and the list goes on....I am sure you get the point by now. :-)


        So, at this point you might be wondering "why the hell is this moron spending so much time wrestling with this concept?

        Gabriel had it correct, but now I am attempting to find meaning to the word in relations to the event, based on your responses....so thanks for that :-)

        Tribe is a discussion base, and I wanted to see what you all thought, in hopes that (instead of judging people,) I would opt for learning how you see things in relations to how people are labeling the event...

        That's all. Thanks for engaging the conversation *smiles*
        • Re: Just a little note, of course :-)

          Fri, September 14, 2007 - 2:19 PM
          I think the confusion is becuase a cubic fuckton of people who call themselves anarchists - created and participate in BM... and their ideals along with the ideals of the more conservative techno - libertarians are the spice and flavor of the event.... YET it is happening within a state in the US - BABYLON.

          I'd say it's a fantazy temporary autonmous zone -- the fantasy being applied to 'autonomous'...

          its a lego set for baby anarchists...(said affectionately) -- toying with anarchism and what it really means in practice...and giving non anarchists a taste of what the world COULD be like if we didn't have such limited ideas of what we need and how we are....

          The rub is that it IS an LLC and it is a massive burocracy.... that said we like to pretend that over there has nothing to do with our experiments...

          Also - yes authority earned and unearned has emerged. 50,000 people in one spot? Humans have created structures forever -- it emerges as perceived needs arise...

          The thing is - pick another day and another place.... remove the BORG -- and something much like what we have now will take it's place I think...
  • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

    Fri, September 14, 2007 - 11:44 AM
    Anarchy is self-organization without authority figures.

    When the SF Cacophony Society created the first event out at Black Rock it was in the spirit of Hakin Bey's Temporary Autonomous Zone.
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temp...omous_Zone

    Newsletter announcing Bad Day at Black Rock (Zone Trip #4) and the invitation of the Burning Man to the event.
    deangustafson.net/RDsept90front.jpg

    From Larry Harvey lecture:
    "All of this activity forms the immediate background of Burning Man. It forms a whole series of these anti-consumerist utopias that people were trying to create. The theoretician that people were always citing, they talk about him still, was Hakim Bey, who originated the notion of TAZ, the "Temporary Autonomous Zone". This was anarchist theory."

    www.burningman.com/whatisbu..._vie.html


    "If Burning man were a true "anarchy" there would be no tickets, no Porto-Potties, nobody to clean Moop, nobody to build the man, no them camps, no center camp, no ice or coffee, no organized event."

    That's the way it was for years.
    • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

      Fri, September 14, 2007 - 12:12 PM
      There are two trains of thought these days with regards to anarchy:

      1. The modern interpreation of anarchy as a state of lawlessness and chaos.

      2. The original meaning, along the lines of what Bakunin, Kropotkin or Godwin may have said, which is similar to this definition:

      "Anarchy is any social relationship that involves neither dominance nor submission. It is the absence of social hierarchy, with no one imposing their will on another by force or threat of punishment. Anarchy means "without a ruler", or "without government". Government here is meant in the sense of "governing over" and forcing compliance through coercion. Such order is violent order. Anarchy, by contrast, is inherently cooperative - people relating to one another as equals."

      Modern society's lacking of understanding with regards to the true definition of many words continues to sadden me...
    • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

      Fri, September 14, 2007 - 12:18 PM
      Great quote Margaret! This is this stuff I was looking for. The follow up to that interview is even more poignant and telling....

      Larry Harvey:
      "Burning Man started out with me and my friend Jerry James, and then it was me and a little band, and then it was me and a little band and a group underneath them, and then it's a group underneath them. You have to have hierarchy, because someone always has to get up and look down at the big picture. But at every level we operate by consensus."

      Burning man may have started from a philosophy *based* on Hakin Bey, but I wonder how well that structure is holding on today with a city of 65,000. I can see now how people might view BRC as a place for anarchy, and I can also see how the event has changed and evolved to turn into something distinctly different and unique.

      As far as the "mission statement" of burning man goes, These are the closest "Official" words by BMorg that I could find that directly addressed their position on "Anarchy."

      **********************************************************************

      BURNING MAN ORG - " There are rules, but they are few and very simple."

      * The rules relate to our collective survival. During our first years in the desert when our population was relatively small, our exclusive focus was on individual survival. As our numbers have grown, we have extended this concern to the equally immediate issue of survival on a societal scale.
      * Burning Man has never been an anarchist underground. It is an open society of activists and the rules we promulgate—mostly relating to fire in our campground, the role of the automobile, and care for the environment—are aimed at ensuring the survival of every individual in a public world that all of us join in creating.
      * Burning Man is not a bureaucracy. Our rules relate to immediate issues immediate like brush fires and car crashes, and long-term issues such as land use. We are a radically free community and it's time for us to take responsibility for preserving that freedom.
      * If you can't agree to our rules, feel free to start your own event!

      www.burningman.com/whatisbu...t_is.html

      ********************************************************************

      Thanks Margaret, and the everyone who contributed. I found what I was looking for. :-)
      • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

        Fri, September 14, 2007 - 1:19 PM
        Oh, Burning Man has completely lost any connection to a T.A.Z. I am not privy to the small internal decisions that led the event in the direction away from that . Certainly, there were huge external pressures that forced change. It would have been interesting as a sociology experiment to have followed it closely to see what could have been different and what necessarily had to happen.

        Don't confuse Burning Man ( Harvey and James) with the event in Black Rock (Cacophony Society). The Burning Man was invited to join up with the event in Black Rock. How it took over the event, I can't tell you.

        Also, I also completely disagree with the illusion that one person or a group can adequately "look down" from their pedestals to see the "big picture". The big picture is that most of the 60,000, or whatever the figure actually is, know how to behave themselves in their community. Do you think 60,000 people are being held in check by the LLC and LEOs? They are not. They are being held in check by community bonds and self-regulation.
        • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

          Fri, September 14, 2007 - 2:33 PM
          // Burning Man has completely lost any connection to a T.A.Z. //

          There isn't even any resemblance to T.A.Z.

          // I am not privy to the small internal decisions that led the event in the direction away from that .//

          The small internal decision you speak of was "incorporating". Probably a necessary move to save those involved with producing the event from liability. But it certainly changed the scope and feeling of the event as well.
      • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

        Fri, September 14, 2007 - 1:50 PM
        Sweeny:
        > "Burning Man is not a bureaucracy."

        Hahahahaha.... Hahahahaha.... Hahahahaha.... Hahahahaha.... Hahahahaha.... Hahahahaha.... Hahahahaha.... Hahahahaha....

        I proposed creating a town-hall. I even suggested that the community would be willing to create the town hall for them - - the only thing that would be required of the BMORG would be to show up.

        That was rejected - the BMORG for some reason feels a need to keep tight reins on everything. Now, that idea may or may not be muddling around in the bureaucracy somewhere.

        Andie:
        "There are actually a lot of steps to creating such a forum and it would require discussion and long term planning even if it were approved. ... So I can't answer on the new town hall forum suggestion, but do invite it to be submitted in the feedback loop process ... I can help to see a place to put that idea up the flagpole through a public feedback process and see what discussion can get us to."

        bm.tribe.net/thread/e938...1195075b7df5
        • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

          Fri, September 14, 2007 - 2:14 PM
          Adam,

          You don't need their permission to create a town hall. You only need them to implement the ideas it comes up with. Create it. And if there is enough support, they will eventually come running to you. They didn't ask your permission to form a corporation did they? ;)
          • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

            Fri, September 14, 2007 - 8:40 PM
            margaret:
            > You don't need their permission to create a town hall. You only need them to implement the ideas it comes up with. Create it.

            Largely this tribe and eplaya serve as places for the community to throw around ideas.

            I think that we need a way to get answers directly from the BMORG. We could try implementing a town hall (or city council) without them, but what good is a city council meeting with no members of the city council?

            People have said that misunderstandings are a primary cause of tensions between the community and the BMORG. Let's try to resolve those miscommunications. Personally, I think that regularly scheduled direct question and answer sessions are the best way for that to happen.

            For now, I'll wait until after their retreat and see what they have to say.
            • Re: Burning Man = Anarchy!

              Sat, September 15, 2007 - 7:40 AM
              I meant make a physical one. Great threads are drowned out here, so it's easy to "ignore" the internet community. It's a lot harder to ignore if you are having town meetings out on the playa.
  • Burning Man is a hybrid

    Sat, September 15, 2007 - 9:11 AM
    At one end you have a simple corporation that handles the money and buys the permits and so on.

    In the middle you've got a volunteer organization which is kind of anarch-syndicalist if you want to think about it that way.

    At the other end, you have the participants, who get to experience a pretty darn free environment, which some people think is the same as anarchy, although freedom and anarchy can be distinct in some cases.

    In practice, Burning Man probably *governs itself* as an Anarchy about 90% of the time. The Rangers are a good example - they resolve conflicts etc. largely based on mutual respect and agreement. Same with the majority of issues between participants - people don't invoke THE RULES all that much to get things done.

    A single system can have more than one political philosophy contained within it. Without the participation of the non-organized, leaderless groups, there would be no Burning Man. Likewise, those groups do rely on BM.ORG which is, technically, probably some form of democracy because it has a board of directors, although it's not a representative democracy because Burners do not own Burning Man Inc.

    It would be interesting to suggest a Burner buy out of BM.org if we ever want more representation.
    • Re: Burning Man is a hybrid

      Sat, September 15, 2007 - 2:39 PM
      libertarian autocracy...seems like a good way to describe what the event has evolved into. although with encroaching state interest it is becoming less and less libertarian.

      it has come a long way from it's anarchist roots. every year i get fed up and say it will be my last, and then go anyway...i guess last year i came to terms with the evolution of BRC and what it means for me, and learned to accept the loss of what it used to be. after all, it is not about my needs and expectations!

Recent topics in "Burning Man"